Dynamic air mattresses are created with the sole intention of reducing bedsores in bedridden patients, and because of this, these mattresses are widely used in the healthcare industry. Unlike static air mattresses, these let you adjust air pressure for weight redistribution which reduces pressure sores from forming when a patient is bedridden. You may wonder if a dynamic air mattress allows a patient to remain stationary, which will lead to the question: Does a patient on a dynamic air mattress still need to be turned regularly?
In this article, I will describe how dynamic air mattresses work, how they differ from static ones, and whether it is necessary to turn the patient and how it is reasonable to care for the patient.
How Does a Dynamic Air Mattress Work?
It’s important to understand how the dynamic air mattress functions. Its alternating pressure feature allows it to constantly attain and change different air pressure levels, and because of this, prolonged pressure in single areas of the body is reduced which reduces the chances of pressure sores forming.
- Alternating Pressure Mattresses: These mattresses consist of air cells that alter levels of pressure in cycles to shift pressure off of the patient’s body.
- Static Mattresses: These offer continuous support, but they do not change pressure and thus require external intervention, such as turning the patient, to avoid prolonged pressure on specific areas.
This dynamic system helps to promote blood circulation and relieve the constant compression that could otherwise lead to tissue damage.
Types of Dynamic Air Mattresses
There are many types of dynamic air mattresses in the market today, each designed for specific patient needs. Recognizing these various types will help in evaluating their advantages.
- Alternating Pressure Mattresses: This type provides the maximum dynamic relief by shifting the pressure every few minutes. It is very effective in the prevention and treatment of stage one and two pressure ulcers.
- Low-Air-Loss and Air-Fluidized Mattresses: These two types provide a continuous cooling effect and enhanced airflow that helps prevent moisture build-up and subsequent skin breakdown.
- Static Air Mattresses: These offer comfort; however, they may not be as effective as the others when it comes to high risk patients since the pressure is not changed dynamically.
Comparison of Traditional Mattresses vs. Dynamic Air Mattresses
| Feature | Traditional Mattress | Dynamic Air Mattress |
|---|---|---|
| Pressure Ulcer Prevention | Moderate (needs turning) | High (automatic pressure relief) |
| Patient Comfort | Varies (depends on padding) | Enhanced (continuous adjustment) |
| Maintenance Cost | Low | Higher (needs periodic monitoring) |
| Risk of Skin Damage | Higher without proper turning | Reduced (constant pressure relief) |
| Comfort for Long-term Use | Moderate | High (dynamic airflow) |
| Patient Mobility | Static | Provides flexibility in positioning |
Is Turning Still Necessary?
While the prevention of pressure ulcers is a crucial factor, turning the patient around is also an important step. Effective as dynamic air mattresses are in performing pressure redistribution, individuals are required to change position frequently. Repositioning the patient helps ensure major pressure points, particularly the head, elbows and heels, that are typically not adequately covered by the air mattress, receive relief from pressure.
- Medical Recommendations: Research suggests that even patients using dynamic air mattresses should be turned every 2 hours to reduce the risk of ulcers. In some cases, especially for patients at very high risk, more frequent turning may be necessary.
Nursing Recommendations for Dynamic Air Mattress Care
To maximize the effectiveness of dynamic air mattresses and minimize the risk of pressure ulcers, proper care is essential. Here are some nursing tips:
- Monitor Skin Health: Regularly inspect the patient’s skin, especially over bony areas (e.g., heels, elbows, and sacrum), for early signs of pressure ulcers.
- Check Air Pressure: Ensure the mattress’s air pressure is set according to the patient’s weight and condition. Low pressure can lead to inadequate pressure relief, while excessive pressure can cause discomfort.
- Use Proper Turning Techniques: Although the air mattress provides dynamic support, manual turning is still necessary. Ensure that the patient is repositioned regularly to avoid pressure buildup in areas that the mattress cannot reach.
- Avoid Common Mistakes:
- Neglecting to Check the Mattress Settings: Failing to monitor air pressure settings could result in inadequate pressure relief. Always check the mattress daily and adjust settings as needed.
- Ignoring Skin Checks: Even with dynamic pressure, skin can break down if not properly inspected. Routine assessments are essential.
While a dynamic air mattress significantly reduces the risk of pressure ulcers by redistributing pressure and providing continuous support, patient turning is still necessary. Turning helps ensure complete relief of pressure in areas that the mattress cannot reach, contributing to overall skin health and comfort. By combining dynamic air mattresses with appropriate turning schedules and regular skin inspections, caregivers can provide optimal care and reduce the incidence of pressure ulcers.
For the best results, always follow the manufacturer’s instructions for mattress settings, and consult medical professionals to tailor patient care based on specific needs. A combination of dynamic air mattress use and traditional nursing practices, such as turning, will provide comprehensive care and comfort for the patient.
