For bedridden patients, those who have undergone surgery, or individuals with limited mobility, there is a high likelihood of developing pressure ulcers (also referred to as bedsores). These painful injuries are the result of continuous exertion of mechanical load on the skin over bony prominences which damage the skin and underlying tissues.
In the market, there are two common types of pressure relieving mattresses which offer protective skin care for delicate tissues and helps to manage the pressure more effectively. These two types of mattresses are static pressure mattresses and alternating pressure mattresses.
In this article, we will focus on the differences between static and alternating pressure mattress systems including principles of operation, features, advantages and disadvantages, and try to suggest which type of mattress is best for pressure ulcers prevention or management.
What Is a Static Pressure Mattress?
Definition
A type of mattress which employs no active movement is referred to as a static pressure mattress. Its aim is to create uniform distribution of force across its surface.
How It Works
Such type of mattress utilizes a breathable, high-density foam, gel infused top layer, or a pressure equalizing air system to maintain constant support. By maintaining consistent body support and spreading pressure across larger area, static pressure absorption mattresses help to prevent concentration of force on particular part of the body.
Key Features
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Simple Construction: Static type of mattresses doesn’t need any electricity to power them and the majority of these models are non-electric mattresses.
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Silent Operation: Due to the absence of moving parts, static mattress types are fully silent.
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Low Maintenance: Minimal parts mean lower upkeep costs.
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Ideal for Mild to Moderate Pressure Ulcer Prevention: Suitable for patients at lower risk.
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Common Types:
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High-resilience foam mattresses
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Gel mattresses
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Static air mattresses
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Static pressure filled mattresses are effective for short duration recovery or for patients that can self reposition from time to time.
What Is an Alternating Pressure Mattress?
Definition
An alternating pressure mattress (APM) is a type of mattress that actively changes pressure distribution by inflating and deflating specific air cells within the mattress at set intervals.
How It Works
An air pump cyclically supplies or removes air to and from several air filled chambers, changing support locations and simulating “movement”. This enhances blood transport and reduces the likelihood of pressure being exerted on one point for too long.
Key Features
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Dynamic Pressure Redistribution: Reduces the risk and promotes the healing of moderate to severe pressure ulcers.
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Electric Powered: Requires a pump and a continuous power supply.
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Multiple Modes Available: Many models offer static, seat inflation, autofirm, and alternating cycle modes.
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Emergency Functions: Features like CPR quick-release valves allow rapid deflation in emergencies.
Alternating pressure mattresses are highly effective for long-term immobile patients or those with existing pressure injuries.
Static vs Alternating Pressure Mattress
Here’s a detailed comparison to better understand the differences:
| Feature | Static Pressure Mattress | Alternating Pressure Mattress |
|---|---|---|
| Main Function | Evenly distributes body weight | Actively changes support points |
| Power Requirement | Usually no power needed | Requires continuous electricity |
| Noise Level | Completely silent | Low pump noise (varies by model) |
| Best for | Low-risk or short-term patients | High-risk, long-term bedridden patients |
| Price Range | Generally more affordable | Higher cost due to technology |
| Maintenance | Very low | Needs regular pump and air cell checks |
Understanding these differences can help you choose the best mattress for pressure ulcers based on the patient’s condition and care needs.
Which Mattress Should You Choose?
Static Pressure Mattress – Recommended for:
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Patients who can move or be repositioned periodically
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Short-term rehabilitation cases
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Budget-conscious families or care facilities
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Mild pressure ulcer prevention needs
A static pressure mattress provides effective basic support for individuals who are not at high risk of severe pressure ulcers.
Alternating Pressure Mattress – Recommended for:
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Long-term bedridden patients
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Individuals with mobility restrictions
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Patients already experiencing Stage 1 or higher pressure ulcers
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ICU or long-term care settings where active pressure management is critical
An alternating pressure mattress is ideal when active intervention is necessary to prevent or treat moderate to severe bedsores.
Bonus: Hybrid Mattresses
Apart from the traditional static and alternating types, many healthcare professionals now utilize hybrid mattresses. These incorporate a static redistribution of pressure with the capability to switch to alternating air pulses when necessary.
Advantages of Hybrid Mattresses:
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Provide consistent support during stable periods
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Allow dynamic pressure changes during periods of high risk
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Suitable for patients with changing conditions or fluctuating needs
Hybrid options offer the flexibility to adjust care without having to switch mattresses, making them a valuable investment for hospitals and nursing homes.
FAQs
Q1: If the power goes out, can an alternating pressure mattress still work?
No. Continous power is a requirement for the air pump. Having a static emergency mattress will be useful as a backup.
Q2: Can a static mattress treat existing pressure ulcers?
Static pressure mattresses are best at preventing or are appropriate for the very early stages of pressure ulcers (Stage 1). If an ulcer has developed past stage one, an alternating mattress is generally required. These ulcers are usually covered to more than stage one.
Q3: Is the pump noise from an alternating mattress disruptive?
Most recent pumps are built to be quiet while operating and should not disturb rest. However, if the patient is extremely sound sensitive, it is recommended to opt for a higher grade model with ultra quiet technology.
Conclusion
In the case of choosing between a static and an alternating pressure mattress, both will have important roles whichever the patient requires them.
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Static pressure mattresses are simple, quiet, and cost-effective, ideal for low-risk or short-term users.
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Alternating pressure mattresses offer dynamic, continuous pressure management, making them the better choice for preventing and healing moderate to severe pressure ulcers.
The right pressure relief mattress should be selected based on the patient’s mobility, risk level, and general care plan. When possible, it is best to talk to a physician, physical therapist, or a practice medical equipment dealer to ensure optimal comfort and health due to the mattress selected.
